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X-ray testing methods and applications
Non-destructive testing methods using X-rays can be broadly divided into two methods: in-line testing and off-line testing for production lines. Here, we will introduce the features, applications, and examples of each type of testing.
In-line X-ray inspection (2D/3D CT)
In-line inspection, a method of inspection that incorporates an inspection process into the production line, is suitable for 100% inspection of products with large production lots. Automating the inspection process can reduce costs. Another advantage is that it is highly productive because it can detect abnormalities in the middle of the production line. However, it requires time and money to design the equipment to introduce and automate it.
In-line inspection examples:
ECU（Engine Control Unit）
Check for cracks and voids.
Circuit board for smartphone
Check the internal structure of a multilayer ceramic capacitor (0402 size).
Cylindrical LiB for automotive
Positive and negative electrode gap inspection.
Baby food
A metal foreign object was found overlapping the metal lid.
In X-ray inspection, there is an increasing demand for the inspection of complex structures and the detection of minute defects, and 3D images are now required for off-line inspection and random inspection. It is thought that in the future, 3D images will be required for in-line 100% inspection. X-ray CT inspection is a method to confirm the internal structure of an object in 3D by irradiating the object with X-rays from various directions and reconstructing the image using a computer.
We are one of the few companies in the world that develops and manufactures both microfocus X-ray sources, which are essential for obtaining high-definition X-ray CT images, and high-speed X-ray flat panel sensors and photodiode arrays. We also propose solutions for in-line CT inspection that will likely arise in the future.
Configuration example
Imaging example
Off-line X-ray inspection (2D/3D CT)
Off-line inspection is a method of inspection that involves an inspection process separate from the production line, and is suitable for structural analysis of products with complex shapes or high unit prices. Compared to in-line inspection, it allows for more precise inspection and analysis, and allows for random inspection on the production line. However, it often requires manual work such as transporting products from the production line, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, making it unsuitable for 100% inspection.
Off-line X-ray CT inspection is a method to confirm the internal structure of an object in 3D by irradiating the object with X-rays from various directions and reconstructing it with a computer. Since 3D images can be obtained, more accurate inspection and analysis are possible. By taking continuous cross-sectional images and tracking changes in abnormal areas, it is effective in identifying disconnections, component cracks, and abnormal layers inside multi-layer boards in semiconductors, electronic components, power modules, etc. Not only in the case of substances composed of different materials, but also in the case of the same material, it is possible to measure the difference in density, so it is also used to evaluate new materials, small castings, and composite precision parts.
Off-line inspection examples
GPU（Graphics Processing Unit）
Observation of internal defects and dimensional measurement.
Courtesy of: UH System Co., Ltd.
Aluminum die-cast
Obtain detailed information about the casting internal cavity.
Photo provided by Toshiba IT Control Systems Corporation
Cylindrical LiB
A detailed look at the internal structure.
Courtesy of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
Analysis equipment: HeliScan high resolution microCT system
CFRP（Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics）
Obtain detailed information on fiber orientation and pores.
Courtesy of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
Analysis equipment: HeliScan high resolution microCT system
Recommended products
For in-line X-ray inspection
X-ray line scan cameras, also known as LDA - linear detector arrays, produce high-sensitivity, high-resolution X-ray transmission images of moving objects transported on a conveyor belt or similar apparatus. A variety of options are available.
For in-line X-ray inspection
X-ray TDI line scan cameras, also known as linear detector arrays, improve the signal-to-noise ratio, resulting in high-resolution images. Custom solutions, including vertical X-ray TDI cameras that can be installed in narrow spaces, are also available.
For in-line and off-line X-ray inspection
Microfocus X-ray sources are specifically designed for 2D and 3D non-destructive testing. A small focal spot reduces blurring and allows for maximum magnification of X-ray images allowing for a sharp and enlarged image.
For in-line and off-line X-ray inspection
The C16401SK-51 is a highly reliable flat panel sensor (also referred to as flat panel detector and DDA - digital detector array) for non-destructive inspection and radiography. High-quality digital X-ray images can be captured in real time.
For in-line X-ray inspection
The high-stability soft X-ray source assembled with a power supply in a compact module.
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