理化学研究所(理研)開拓研究本部Kim表面界面科学研究室の木村謙介研究員、今田裕上級研究員(研究当時)、金有洙主任研究員(東京大学大学院工学系研究科特任教授)、横浜国立大学(横浜国大)大学院工学研究院の玉置亮助教、片山郁文教授、武田淳教授、浜松ホトニクス株式会社中央研究所の河田陽一主任部員らの国際共同研究グループは、ピコ秒(ps、1psは1兆分の1秒)の時間スケールを有する光パルスとナノメートル(nm、1nmは10億分の1メートル)スケールの物質を可視化する顕微鏡を組み合わせた、現時点で極限ともいえる時空間分解能を有する単一分子分光手法を確立しました。
本成果は、ナノスケールの分子系で生じる超高速なエネルギー変換や化学反応の機構解明に貢献すると期待されます。
今回、国際共同研究グループは、原子分解能を持つ走査トンネル顕微鏡(STM)[1]を基盤とした単一分子発光測定手法に、テラヘルツ(THz)[2]領域の光パルスを組み合わせた新しい手法(THz-光STM)を確立しました。この手法を用いて、THzパルスによる超高速かつ連続的な分子への電荷注入により分子の状態を制御して励起子[3]を形成すること、THzパルスの波形を成形することでピコ秒の時間領域で分子の状態を操作することに成功しました。
本研究は、科学雑誌『Science』オンライン版に3月6日付(日本時間3月7日)で公開され、印刷版の3月7日号に掲載されます。
補足説明
[1] 走査トンネル顕微鏡(STM)
先端が原子スケールで先鋭な金属の針(探針)を測定表面に極限まで近づけたときに電流が流れるトンネル現象を測定原理として用いる装置。試料表面をなぞるように探針をスキャン(走査)して、その表面の形状を原子レベルの空間分解能で観測する。探針と試料間に流れる電流をトンネル電流と呼び、トンネル電流を検出し、その電流値に基づいて探針と試料間の距離を変化させることで画像化する。STMは、Scanning Tunneling Microscopeの略。
[2] テラヘルツ(THz)
テラヘルツ(terahertz)光とは、周波数1テラヘルツ(THz、1 THzは1兆ヘルツ)、波長300マイクロメートル(µm、1 µmは100万分の1メートル)程度の領域の光を指す。この周波数帯は電波と赤外光・可視光の周波数帯の狭間にあり、近年盛んに研究がなされている。本研究では、1ピコ秒のパルス幅のテラヘルツ光を発生させ、STMと組み合わせた。
[3] 励起子
励起子とは、マイナスの電荷を持つ電子とプラスの電荷を持つ正孔が結び付いた準粒子である。この励起子が消滅するときに光が放出される。有機発光ダイオードや有機薄膜太陽電池などの有機デバイスにおいて、いかに励起子をうまく利用するかが機能向上において重要である。
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