天文学は天体や天文現象など、地球外で生起する自然現象の観測、法則の発見などを行う自然科学の一分野です。太陽系外惑星や原始惑星系の観測のための大型望遠鏡を使った天体観測、太陽活動の研究のための太陽イメージングやオーロラのダイナミクスを観察する超高層大気イメージングなど、世界各地の天文台で独自の装置を用いたイメージングが行われており、それらの望遠鏡では、イメージセンサやカメラを用いた撮像技術が採用されています。
大型望遠鏡による天体観測は、太陽系外惑星や原始惑星系の観測、生命存在の兆候の探査、宇宙膨張変化の直接測定からダークエネルギーの性質に迫る研究などを目的として行われています。
ハワイ島マウナケア山頂の「すばる望遠鏡」や「TMT(Thirty Meter Telescope)」、「ケック望遠鏡」、「ジェミニ望遠鏡」、チリのアタカマ砂漠の「アルマ望遠鏡」、カナリア諸島ラ・パルマ島の「カナリア大望遠鏡」など、大型望遠鏡は世界各地に設置され、観測が続けられています。
すばる望遠鏡がとらえたアンドロメダ銀河 M31
すばる望遠鏡は、ハワイ島マウナケア山頂にある国立の大型光学赤外線望遠鏡です。世界最高級の観測性能をもち、宇宙膨張の歴史の解明とダークエネルギーの計測などを目的として運用されています。
このすばる望遠鏡の主焦点カメラには、弊社のイメージセンサが搭載されています。また、2024年から稼働を開始する分光器に弊社のイメージセンサ、そして2027年から稼働を開始する赤外線観測装置「ULTIMATE-Subaru」の補償光学系の波面センサに弊社のCMOSカメラが搭載される予定です。
天文学は天体や天文現象など、地球外で生起する自然現象の観測、法則の発見などを行う自然科学の一分野です。太陽系外惑星や原始惑星系の観測のための大型望遠鏡を使った天体観測、太陽活動の研究のための太陽イメージングやオーロラのダイナミクスを観察する超高層大気イメージングなど、世界各地の天文台で独自の装置を用いたイメージングが行われており、それらの望遠鏡では、イメージセンサーやカメラを用いた撮像技術が採用されています。
※比較画像で大赤斑の有無の違いが見られますが、観測時期の違いによるもので補償光学による影響ではありません。
補償光学装置を用いることで新たな発見がありました。補償光学なしの画像では、色が全く同じであるため1つのクエーサーと推定されていました。しかし、補償光学ありで観測したところ、このクエーサーは2つの点像として明瞭に分けることができました。さらに、2つの点像の間に銀河がはっきりと浮かび上がってきました。
黒点や磁場の動きからフレアの発生を予知する研究など人類の宇宙活動の安全を守るために、太陽活動の研究の重要性は増しています。太陽フレアの内部構造とその時間発展を詳細に追跡するために、高分解能、高速、高ダイナミックレンジを同時に実現した検出器が必要とされます。
太陽観測に活用されている浜松ホトニクスの科学計測用カメラ(ORCA-Flash4.0 V3 デジタルCMOSカメラ)
超高層大気とは、高さ80 kmから400 km付近の大気の事を指します。地球の大気と宇宙空間との境界領域にあたり、一部の大気が電離したプラズマ状態になっています。プラズマと大気との相互作用により、北極や南極ではオーロラが、また中低緯度では夜間大気光と呼ばれる発光が起きています。超高層大気のダイナミクスを高感度、高分解能、高速に計測する事ができます。
アラスカ大学のポーカーフラット実験場内にあるオーロラ観測施設に設置された浜松ホトニクスのカメラ(ORCA-Flash4.0)
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