現代の農業は、働き手の高齢化による労働力や後継者の不足や異常気象による収穫不良、過剰施肥による環境汚染など、さまざまな課題を抱えています。
これらさまざまな課題を解決するために、ICT・AI技術と組み合わせ、持続可能な農業や人類の健康増進の実現を目指す、農業のスマート化が進められています。
スマート農業の例:農作物のデータ計測による栽培管理
浜松ホトニクスは、光を利用し、農作物に関するデータを計測する技術の開発・研究を行っています。植物の情報、例えば、体内の水分や成分の量、生育リズムなどを光技術によって捉え、植物が『今』どのような状態にあり、何を求めているかを推測することで、適切な施肥や資材の投入、収穫物の価値向上と同時に、環境へ配慮した農業の実現へ貢献できると考えています。
当社は、赤外領域に対応する分光技術を用いて、植物がもつさまざまな情報を計測・推定することが可能です。
農作物の体内に含まれる水分量の違いをスペクトルの変化から定量することができます。
計測時に対象物に照射する光源を変更することで、脂質やクロロフィルなどの成分も計測可能です。
原理:水分量の違いによるスペクトルの変化
農作物中に含まれる特定の成分含有量の測定が可能です。
通常の農作物だけでなく、多様化する消費者ニーズに応じた成分組成の農作物の栽培管理や品質保証につなげます。
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小松菜に含まれる硝酸イオン濃度の推定
スペクトルや画像情報を用いることで、農作物の微妙な違いや異常をより簡便に判定可能です。これにより、農作物の簡易検査や安価で簡便な栽培管理を実現します。
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小麦粉・米粉・そば粉をスペクトル分析から判別
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良好な状態の植物(左)と水分不足の植物(右)を判別
青果物の品質管理は、実際の青果物の一部を切断して行う抜き取り検査が手法の一つです。一方で、抜き取り検査はサンプリングでの測定に限られるため、全数測定は非現実的であり、また農家の負担も大きく、課題となっていました。
当社は、従来手法の課題を解決できる可能性のある測定方法として、光による非破壊測定を外部の農家と共同で試験的に行っています。計測装置の先端に白色光源や分光器(ミニ分光器 マイクロシリーズ)、光学系を内蔵し、対象の青果物に白色光を照射してその反射光を計測することで、青果物中の成分量を測定しています。ツルや茎、実などさまざまな形状の部位を非接触で測定できるため、機器の接触による病原菌媒介を防止できるという利点もあります。
これら分光器や光源は小型かつ安価であり、また簡単な構成で組み込むことができるため、モバイル計測装置として農業現場への展開が期待されています。
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ご協力:(株)Happy Quality様(静岡県)
メロンに含まれるカリウム濃度の測定
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