電子線照射は、材料にエネルギーを与えて分子レベルで構造を変化させる技術です。照射によりラジカルが生成され、これを起点に「架橋」「分解」「グラフト重合」という3つの主要反応が進行します。これらの反応を組み合わせることで、材料に多様な機能を付与できます。
分子鎖同士が結合し、三次元ネットワーク構造を形成します。耐熱性・耐薬品性・機械的強度の向上が期待できます。
高分子鎖が切断され、低分子化します。
滅菌やポリマーの低分子化、表面改質などの効果が期待できます。
基材表面に新しいモノマーを結合させ、機能性を付与します。親水性膜の生成や耐薬品性の向上が期待できます。
電子線を照射していない樹脂は見た目に変化がありませんが、照射した樹脂では光沢が見られ、グラフト重合が進んだことがわかります。
提供:大阪大学 産業科学研究所 大島明博様
電子線照射は、塗料や接着剤、インキなどの液状樹脂を短時間で硬化させる「キュアリング」に利用されます。この方法は有機溶剤、反応開始剤(光開始剤など)を不要とし、環境負荷を低減できるほか、熱や臭気の発生を抑え、作業環境改善にも貢献します。
電子線の照射前はテープにインキが付着していますが、照射後はインキが硬化し基材に密着したことで、テープに付着しません。
電子線照射により、材料の耐熱性・耐薬品性・機械的強度を大幅に向上させます。添加剤やコーティング剤を使用せずに改質できる点が特徴的で、電線被覆、タイヤ、フィルムなどの高機能化に広く利用されています。
電子線を照射していない樹脂には研磨による摩耗の後がついていますが、照射した樹脂にはほとんど痕がついていません。
ベアリング等の摺動製部品に用いられる樹脂を架橋させることで耐久性を向上させることで、部品寿命の延長によるメンテナンス性の改善が期待できます。
タイヤの製造工程で電子線を活用し、予備架橋することで品質向上、材料削減に貢献できます。
自動車のボディをはじめとする塗装が必要な部材にEB硬化型の塗料を用いることで品質向上、省エネが期待できます。
電子線は、微生物のDNAや細胞膜を損傷させることで滅菌効果を発揮します。作用には2種類あり、電子線がDNAを直接切断する「直接作用」と、水分子との反応で生成したラジカルがDNAを攻撃する「間接作用」です。この方法は化学薬品を使用せず、高い滅菌効果を短時間で得られるため、医療機器や食品包装など幅広い分野で利用されています。
電子線を照射していないシャーレの枯草菌は増殖していますが、照射したシャーレの枯草菌は増殖していません。
提供:一般社団法人 浜松市薬剤師会 浜松環境衛生研究所
シャーレなどをはじめとする医療用器具の滅菌が可能です。バイアル瓶やシリンジ、錠剤包装材など、さまざまな器具・製品の滅菌に応用できます。
ボルトや細胞シート、縫合糸など、手術室で用いる器具の表面機能性をドライプロセスで向上できます。
電子線を用いてインキ乾燥を行うことで、マイグレーションを抑えた印刷が可能です。錠剤パッケージ以外にも輸液パックなどの医療用製品の印刷にも応用できます。
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