抗酸化・抗炎症・自然免疫賦活同時評価細胞試験とは、自然免疫細胞である好中球の生体防御機構を応用した食品機能性評価方法です。培養細胞から得た好中球様細胞を、好中球走化性因子であるfMLP (formil-Methionyl-Leucyl-phenylalanine)で刺激するとPIレスポンスが引き起こされ、細胞内のCa2+濃度が上昇、それに伴いO2-・産生が惹起されます。この細胞内Ca2+濃度変化とO2-・の産生を、それぞれ蛍光と化学発光で同時にモニタする技術を応用した方法です。
体内で実際に起こっている細胞応答を再現した本手法は、in vitroでありながらin vivoに近い情報が得られ、新たな生理活性物質の探索に貢献が期待されます。
測定には、HL-60細胞 (急性前骨髄球性白血病細胞)から分化誘導して得られた好中球様細胞を使用しました。細胞内Ca2+指示薬であるfluo-3 AM (Ex:508 nm En:527 nm)をロードした好中球様細胞懸濁液 (1.0 x 105 cells/ mL)に、MCLA (Max:465 nm, O2-•特異性化学発光試薬)を添加して測定液を調製し、fMLP (好中球活性化剤)による刺激を受けた好中球様細胞からの化学発光と蛍光を同時計測装置にて経時的にモニタします。専用解析ソフトで、蛍光と化学発光それぞれのピーク面積値を算出して指標とします。
専用解析ソフトで、評価したい食品や食品成分を共存させて得られたピーク面積値とコントロールピーク面積比を算出し、被験物質濃度とコントロールピーク面積比の関係より、被験物質のもつ機能性について、抗酸化 (活性酸素消去作用)・抗炎症 (活性酸素産生を抑え、過剰な炎症反応を抑制する作用)・自然免疫作用を判別することができます。また、被験物質濃度を数点振ることにより、被験物質ごとのIC50値 (50 % Inhibition Concentration :50 %発光阻害濃度)も産出できます。
図1~3は、既知の抗酸化物質 (ビタミンC)、抗炎症性物質 (Zn2+)、自然免疫賦活物質 (ラクトフェリン)を用いて検証を行った結果です。同時に、検証濃度範囲における被験物質の細胞毒性の有無をMTTアッセイ法を用いて細胞生残率で評価しています。また、抗酸化評価の従来法であるヒポキサンチン-キサンチンオキシダーゼ化学発光法でO2-•消去活性の評価も行っています。
抗酸化物質であるビタミンCでは、蛍光発光量はビタミンCの濃度に関わらずコントロール (被験物質の共存無し)と同程度に一定であるのに対し、化学発光量は濃度依存的に減少し、IC₅₀値は、0.03 µg/mLと算出できました (図1)。化学発光法のIC₅₀も、2.76 µg/mLとなりました。この結果は、好中球は刺激を受けたことによりコントロールと同様に細胞内にCa2+イオンを取り込んでO2-•を産生したが、それがビタミンCによって消去されたと考えられ、ビタミンCの機能性は、抗酸化作用と判定できます。
抗酸化作用
抗炎症性物質であるZn2+の場合は、蛍光、化学発光共に濃度依存的に減少し、IC₅₀値は、O2-•産生は7.8 µM、細胞内Ca2+濃度上昇は6.6 µMと算出できたのに対し、化学発光法では濃度依存的な現象は見られず、IC₅₀値は算出できませんでした (図2)。この結果は、被験物質Zn2+は、好中球に作用して細胞内へのCa2+の取り込みを阻害してO2-•産生を抑制したと考えられ、Zn2+の機能性は、抗炎症作用と判定できます。
抗炎症作用
自然免疫賦活物質であるラクトフェリンでは、蛍光、化学発光ともに濃度依存的に増加しました (図3)。ラクトフェリンによって好中球の免疫作用が亢進されたと判断され、ラクトフェリンの機能性は、自然免疫賦活作用と判定できます。
図3
自然免疫賦活作用
・生ニンニクと黒ニンニクの食品機能特性と化学成分の比較研究 (Matsuse K et al., Molecules 2024)
・ササクレヒトヨダケとその機能性成分であるエルゴチオネインの評価 (Kanno T et al.,JJFCS. 2020)
・柑橘類 新姫の生理活性物質の単離と評価 (Miyake Y et al., Food Sci. Technol. Res. 2016)
・薬剤の評価 (Yang Y et al.,Life Sci. 2006)
・輸血血液の評価 (Saigo K et al.,Rinsho Byori. 2008)
本技術は、2013年度飯島藤十郎食品技術賞を受賞しました。『飯島藤十郎食品技術賞』は、公益財団法人飯島藤十郎記念食品科学振興財団より、食品の技術開発において優れた業績をあげた研究者又は研究グループに授与されるものです。
生活習慣病に関連のある部位の細胞機能を利用した機能性評価法を大学などと共同開発しました。
・ヒト神経芽細胞腫SH-SY5Y細胞を用いた「脳神経保護作用評価法」 (Wu.Y et al., J. Neural. Transm. 2015, 2016, 2017)
・血管内皮細胞を用いた「血管機能保持活性評価法」 (Kuroda.et al., J Agric Food Chem. 2018)
また、細胞内信号伝達を利用した作用機序解明ツールも開発しました。
・「抗炎症物質のCa2+流入抑制経路判定法」 (Kazumura et al., J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr. 2016,數村,細胞. 2017)
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