伝送された符号パルスの波形劣化を総合的に評価する方法で、起こりうる符号列に対応するすべての波形を重ね合わせて表示したもの。アイパターン (eye pattern)ともいわれます。
本来の信号出力パルスから遅れて現れる擬似信号パルス。MPPCの場合では、発生したキャリアが結晶欠陥にトラップされ、それが遅れて解放されたときに信号以外のパルスを発生させてしまう現象。アフターパルスは、クロストーク、ダークパルスとともに検出誤差の要因になります。温度が低いほど、キャリアが結晶欠陥にトラップされる確率が高くなるため、アフターパルスは増加します。
無定形の非結晶質 (非晶質)。半導体などを液体や気体から凝固させるとき、結晶を構成する時間がないほど急速に冷却するとアモルファス化します。これは、結晶構造が短距離秩序はあるが長距離秩序はない状態であり、バンドギャップ端にすそ準位が出現するため、光学特性が単結晶や多結晶の物質とは異なります。
化学的・物理的反応における反応速度の温度依存性について、アレニウス (スウェーデン)が1889年に提出した以下の式。アレニウスの式は、部品劣化の主要因が温度と考えられる場合に寿命推定として使われます。$$ K=A\cdot exp \bigl( -\frac{Ea}{k\cdot T} \bigr)$$ K : 反応速度
A : 定数
Ea: 活性化エネルギー [eV]
k : ボルツマン定数 [eV/K]
T : 絶対温度 [K]
フォトダイオードに暗中で逆電圧を印加すると、わずかな電流が流れます。これを暗電流といいます。逆電圧を印加して使う場合 (PINフォトダイオードなど)では、暗電流に起因するノイズが支配的となります。
コンピュータネットワークの規格の1つ。Xerox社とDEC社 (現在はHewlett Packard社の1部門)が考案し、IEEE 802.3委員会によって標準化されました。世界中のオフィスや家庭で最も広く使用されているLAN(ローカルエリア・ネットワーク)の規格です。
APDなどにおいて、加速された電子や正孔が単位距離を走行する間に格子と衝突して生成する電子-正孔対の数。単位は個/cm。
PSDにスポット光が入射したとき、各出力端子から取り出される電流が等しくなる場合のPSD上のスポット光入射位置を電気的中心と呼びます。この電気的中心を原点としてスポット光の入射位置とそこで得られる光電流から演算された位置の差を位置検出誤差として定義します。当社は、以下の測定条件で位置検出誤差を測定しています。
PSDの受光面上で検出可能なスポット光の最小変位を受光面上の距離で示したもの。位置分解能はS/Nで決まり、抵抗長 × ノイズ/信号で計算されます。当社は、以下の条件におけるノイズの実効値 (rms)をもとに計算した値を位置分解能と規定しています。
特定方向のエッチング速度が、他方向に比べ異なるエッチング。たとえば (100)Siをアルカリエッチングすると、(111)面のエッチング速度が遅いことを利用してV字形状を実現することができます。なお、全方向でエッチング速度が等しい場合は等方性エッチングと呼びます。
受光デバイスの最大受信パワー。受光デバイスは、特定の値以上の光が入射されると、フォトダイオードやアンプの飽和のため波形が乱れ、正確な受信ができなくなります。
オペアンプに帰還をかけないときの利得で、出力電圧と入力電圧の比。単位はdB。
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